Head injuries may typically result in concussion, a fractured skull and cerebral compression. They can occur from diving in shallow or unknown water or running on wet concrete and slipping. Signs and symptoms may include:
In managing these symptoms you will need to consider the possibility of a spinal injury. If the casualty is responsive, keep them still and reassure them, continually monitor their vital signs, call triple zero and seek urgent medical assistance.
In the event of discharge from ear, do not plug the ear but cover lightly with a sterile cloth allowing the ear to drain.
If the patient is unresponsive, conduct your primary survey (DRABCD) and call triple zero.
Signs and symptoms of spinal injuries may include pain or discomfort in the neck or back region, altered sensation, movement or strength in the limbs or trunk, irregular bumps on the neck or back and slow pulse.
To manage spinal injuries if the patient is responsive, conduct a primary survey (DRABCD) and call triple zero; keep the patient still and reassure them; minimise any movement of the head and spinal column; monitor the patient's vital signs; maintain body temperature and manage any other injuries.
If the patient is unresponsive, call triple zero, conduct a primary survey (DRABCD), support the patient's head and neck avoiding any twisting or forward movement of the neck and monitor their vital signs.